Autor(es): Marcos Aurelio de Arruda
ISBN v. impressa: 978989712786-1
ISBN v. digital: 978655605697-5
Encadernação: Capa mole
Número de páginas: 124
Publicado em: 28/04/2021
Idioma: Inglês
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OBRA ESCRITA EM INGLÊS
The doctrine of deviation in the carriage of goods by sea has often been treated as a particular and critical breach. The seriousness of the fault and the harshness of its consequences have been explained to compensate the balance power between the shipowner and the cargo owner due to the defenseless of the latter after his goods are shipped.
Deviating (or stranding from the agreed course) would not only increase the risk of the venture, but it would create a new endeavor, fulminating the original contract and “creating a new one without the knowledge and acquiescence of the cargo owner”. However, under the theory of the contract, one could not benefit from his own wrongs (and bringing the contract to an end could benefit the faulty party), and one cannot be bound by an agreement that he did not agree with.
Those matters were always analyzed in courts’ judgments in cases of deviation and subject to the scrutiny of academic articles: deviation was sometimes a body of authority sui generis and sometimes subject to the principles of the contract.
The purpose of this book is demonstrating that the doctrine of deviation and the contract law have evolved, and it is not certain anymore that the concept of an unreasonable deviation could be considered a body of authority sui generis. The precedents and the steps that a shipowner can take to void the consequences of a deviation can make the contract law absorb the doctrine of deviation.
The first two chapters of this book are about the theory of the contract and presents its essential terms and obligations and the contract of bailment that is going to spring after a deviation. The following chapter points to the terms of a contract that are relevant for categorizing and deciding the consequences of a deviation. The third chapter displays the definition of deviation, and the first cases, stressing the irrelevance of a proximate cause to the consequences of a breach of a term in a contract. The next two chapters analyze the requirements and the consequences of a deviation. The sixth chapter is about the Hague-Visby rules and their application to the doctrine of deviation, followed by a chapter discussing quasi-deviation cases and the conclusion.
MARCOS AURELIO DE ARRUDA
Graduated from Vitoria Law School. Mr. Arruda holds an LLM (Master of Laws) in "International Maritime Law" from World Maritime University at Malmo (Sweden); and a Master's degree in "Inter-American Defense and Security" from Interamerican Defense College at Washington/DC (USA); .Mr. Arruda also has an MBA in "Business Management" from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and an MBA in "Finance" from IBMEC at Brasilia (Brazil). Mr. Arruda is graduated from PLA National Defense University in Changping (China). Mr. Arruda is also a retired Brazilian Navy Captain, who was the Harbor Master of the State of Espirito Santo, where he had the opportunity to direct and manage the activities necessary to ensure the enforcement of laws, regulations, and policies governing navigable waters, constructions above water, Search and Rescue (SAR), and where he was responsible for the official inquiries related to the safety of navigation, prevention of pollution by ships and ship's casualties.
INTRODUCTION, p. 15
1 THE THEORY OF CONTRACT, p. 17
1.1 THE REQUIREMENTS OF A CONTRACT, p. 18
1.1.1 The Offer, p. 18
1.1.2 The Acceptance, p. 21
1.1.3 The Consideration, p. 23
1.1.4 The Intention to Legal Obligations, p. 23
1.1.5 The Certainty of the Terms of a Contract, p. 25
1.1.6 The ´Written´ Requirement, p. 26
1.2 THE OBLIGATION TO MITIGATE THE LOSS, p. 27
1.3 THE DOCTRINE OF GOOD FAITH, p. 30
2 THE CONTRACT OF BAILMENT, p. 37
2.1 THE DUTY OF CARE AND THE RIGHT TO RECOVER THE EXPENSES, p. 38
2.2 THE CONTRACT AND THE GRATUITOUS BAILMENT, p. 39
2.3 THE CONSENT OF THE BAILOR, p. 40
3 THE TERMS IN A MARITIME CONTRACT, p. 43
3.1 THE INNOMINATE OR INTERMEDIATE TERMS, p. 44
3.2 EXCLUSION CLAUSES AND FUNDAMENTAL BREACH, p. 47
3.3 THE CONSEQUENCES OF A BREACH OF A TERM IN A CONTRACT, p. 51
4 THE DEVIATION, p. 55
5 THE REQUIREMENTS OF A DEVIATION, p. 59
5.1 THE OBLIGATION TO FOLLOW THE USUAL AND CUSTOMARY ROUTE, p. 59
5.2 THE INTENTION TO DEVIATE, p. 62
5.3 THE REASONABLENESS OF DEVIATION, p. 63
6 THE CONSEQUENCES OF AN UNJUSTIFIED DEVIATION, p. 67
7 THE HAGUE-VISBY RULES, p. 77
7.1 THE RULES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, p. 79
8 THE QUASI-DEVIATION DOCTRINE, p. 85
8.1 UNAUTHORIZED STOWAGE ON DECK, p. 86
8.2 DELAY, p. 89
8.3 TRANSSHIPMENT AND SHIP SUBSTITUTION, p. 92
8.4 THE RESTRICTIONS TO THE DOCTRINE OF QUASI-DEVIATION, p. 94
CONCLUSION, p. 99
REFERENCES, p. 105
